Reuters in Beijing
China should set firm targets to limit greenhouse gas emissions so they peak around 2030, a study by some of the nation’s top climate change policy advisers has proposed ahead of contentious talks on a new global warming pact.
The call for “quantified targets” to cap greenhouse gas pollution marks a high-level public departure from China’s reluctance to spell out a proposed peak and date for it.
“By last year China had become the world’s biggest national emitter of greenhouse gases and faces unprecedented challenges,” says the preface of the 900-page report, setting aside China’s reluctance to say it has passed the United States as the top emitter of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas from burning coal, gas and oil.
“As soon as possible, study and draft relative and [then] absolute targets to cap the total volume of carbon dioxide emissions,” says the preface of the report, obtained by reporters.
“Establishing and acting on quantified targets and corresponding policies to address climate change in the medium to long-term is already a matter of great urgency.”
The 2050 China Energy and C02 Emissions Report proposes that, with the right policies, emissions growth could slow by 2020, with levels peaking around 2030.
If China can reach these goals, by 2050 its carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel “could fall to the same emissions levels as in 2005 or even lower”, the report says.
The report in Chinese is on open sale and builds on earlier research exploring pathways to a “low-carbon” economy. It adds to recent signals that Beijing wants to play an active role in seeking agreement for a new international climate change pact.
With its fast-rising greenhouse gas emissions, Beijing’s stance will be crucial in efforts to create a successor to the current Kyoto Protocol, which expires at the end of 2012.
Western nations have pressed Beijing to set specific goals on slowing emissions growth in coming years, leading to early cuts in absolute volumes as part of a new pact governments hope to seal in Copenhagen by the end of this year.
Under current treaties, China and other developing countries need not shoulder the quantified limits on emissions that rich economies must take on.
Beijing has said that principle must not change and resisted specifying when its emissions may peak, pointing out its average emissions per person remain much lower than the average in rich nations.
But the airing of proposals for emissions caps comes after signs that Beijing has become more open to stronger steps against global warming as negotiators struggle to build agreement before Copenhagen.
Early this month, China’s ambassador to the climate talks, Yu Qingtai, said his government wanted to curb greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible.
“This report is intended to advise the Chinese government what its options are,” said Deborah Seligsohn, China programme director with the World Resources Institute, a Washington-based organisation promoting policies to fight global warming.
“I think they’re making a pretty concentrated push to move the negotiations forward,” said Mr Seligsohn.
The dozens of contributors to the report included climate policy experts from leading Chinese state think-tanks, including the Energy Research Institute and the State Council Development Research Centre, which advises the cabinet.
Participating scholars stressed that the study was a research exercise, not a definitive policy blueprint, and there was no suggestion that the senior officials listed as its advisers endorsed its specific proposals for targets and a 2030 peak.
But the proposals in the report have been circulated among officials and were echoed in a cabinet meeting last week that urged making “controlling greenhouse gas emissions” an important part of development plans, said an expert familiar with the project, speaking on condition of anonymity.
“I think this report reflects a growing consensus among domestic experts favouring more active steps against climate change, with a peak by 2030,” said Wang Yi, an expert at the Chinese Academy of Sciences who participated in the study.
The report spells out possibly disastrous consequences of global warming, as growing amounts of human-caused greenhouse gases retain more of the sun’s energy in the atmosphere.
“The potential threat to China from climate change exists and it is massive,” states the report, warning of worsening droughts and floods, retreating glaciers, shrinking farm productivity and threats to water supplies for the country of 1.3 billion people.
To curb emissions, China could push financial steps and price reforms to favour clean energy, a “carbon tax” on fossil fuels, emissions targets for local governments and cautious steps towards a “cap-and-trade” system for buying and selling emissions rights, says the report.
Beijing may seek to use such domestic initiatives to show other nations it is serious about fighting global warming, even if the steps are not directly included in any international pact.
“The problem now is not China making its own domestic commitments and targets, it’s how we treat those commitments internationally,” Dai Yande, a deputy director of the Energy Research Institute and one the report’s organisers, told reporters.