Incineration

http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/2013/04/plasma-gasification-waste-to-energy-air-products-teesside-uk-government.html

12 April 2013

By Ben Messenger
Managing Editor of Waste Management World magazine

Air Products is to build a second 350,000 tonne per year waste to energy plasma gasification facility on Teesside following the signing of a 20 year power purchase agreement with the UK government’s Cabinet Office.

According to the government the deal is worth 2% of government’s energy spend and is expected to deliver £84 million in savings over the life of the contract through a fixed agreement that will provide stability in what the public sector pays for energy.

As part of the deal, the government said that Air Products expects to invest an amount similar to that of its first plant, around £300 million, to build a second waste to energy facility in Tees Valley, Teesside to supply the agreed 37 MW.

The government said that the agreement means that through its Government Procurement Service (GPS) it will buy a portion of its energy directly from a UK-based generator at a low fixed price, rather than buying entirely through short-term wholesale markets which are subject to unpredictable price fluctuations.

New model for government procurement

“This is the beginning of a pioneering approach to how government uses its collective buying power and long term demand to buy energy,” said the Minister for the Cabinet Office, Francis Maude.

“Not only have we secured £84 million of savings for taxpayers by signing a new, low cost energy deal with Air Products, but we’re also helping the UK compete in the global race by investing in growth and creating hundreds of new jobs through the construction of a new ‘energy from waste’ plant,” he added.

Lisa Jordan, Air Products’ business manager for Bio-Energy Europe, commented: “By buying the electricity we produce, the Cabinet Office will help Air Products divert up to 350,000 tonnes of non-recyclable waste from landfill every year, which we will turn into reliable, controllable, renewable energy.”

According to the Cabinet Office said that the new approach will lead to more engagement with the energy industry to assess opportunities for further energy procurements over the next five years.

The government claimed that this could mean a significant increase in generating capacity in the UK and help drive down bills for everyone through increased competition.

Linked In Poll – Is Waste Gasification Coming of Age?

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Is Waste Gasification Finally Coming of Age?
Spurred by government incentives and a stable regulatory environment, Air Products has begun construction of a 50 MW plasma gasification facility in Teesside. With the company already planning a second such plant at the site – as well as others around the country – is the waste industry entering the age of gasification?

13.6 MW Plasma Gasification Waste Project to Demo Fuel Cells
London, UK based Waste2Tricity, which specialises in advancing the use of plasma gasification technology to treat waste, as well as the integration of fuel cells to generate electricity is to start a Concept Design Study for the development of an advanced waste to energy plant.

£2.8m Competition to Design Waste Gasification Pilot Plant in UK
A competition to design the most efficient and economically viable waste gasification demonstrator plant has selected a shortlist of three candidates

http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=126322

Saturday, March 30, 2013

Local

Friday, March 29, 2013
TO HELP PROLONG MARPI LANDFILL’S LIFESPAN

$40M-$50M waste-to-energy project pushed

By Haidee V. Eugenio
Reporter

A proposed $40- to $50-million waste-to-energy project on Saipan will not only provide cheaper electricity but also help prolong Marpi landfill’s lifespan, Wisconsin-based Alliance Federated Energy and CNMI’s Joeten Enterprises, along with lawmakers, said yesterday.

Under the proposed project, the CNMI government will have to supply trash to Alliance Federated Energy and then buy the “byproduct” energy from the firm at a cost much lower than the almost 40 cents per kwh that regular customers currently pay for their power.

The proposed waste feedstock agreement is for a minimum of 15 years.

“It will be at no cost to the government,” said Norman Tenorio of Joeten Enterprises, a local business partner for Alliance Federated Energy.

Tenorio accompanied AFE president Ben VanKorn during a presentation before lawmakers yesterday morning. They also plan to meet with the governor, the Department of Public Works and the Commonwealth Utilities Corp. to discuss their proposal. AFE and Joeten have been studying the project’s viability on Saipan for quite some time now.

Gov. Eloy S. Inos, in a separate interview, said he would like to get more information from the investor about this alternative energy. He said he would like to find out, for example, whether there’s enough trash to generate energy.

For some 100 tons of trash, AFE will be able to generate up to 5MW or more of energy every day.

Enrique Dela Cruz, manager of the Department of Public Works’ Solid Waste Division, separately said yesterday that there’s estimated over 81 tons of trash generated and brought to their facilities daily but he has to recalculate the volume “to make sure this is really what we’re getting. This is just an estimate.”

Dela Cruz said Marpi landfill’s cell number 1 still has some 40 feet to accommodate additional trash considering there’s daily compacting.

He said if the proposed waste-to-energy project pans out, then the CNMI may have a breakthrough in how it handles its daily trash and it need not build additional cells to take in the trash. They will also cut landfill maintenance costs by having trash converted into energy.

“If that project will help prolong the life of this landfill and at the same time give us a cheaper supply of power, then that should be something to consider,” said Dela Cruz, adding that AFE officials also visited the Solid Waste Division in Lower Base yesterday afternoon.

The Wisconsin-based Alliance Federated Energy is a developer of renewable energy and related infrastructure projects focused on environmentally sustainable technologies, with a specific focus on plasma gasification technology to generate electric and thermal energy and bio-fuels, its company profile says.

Gasification is the process in which biomass such as waste from the Marpi landfill or trash from homes and businesses is converted into a fuel source.

House Speaker Joseph Deleon Guerrero (IR-Saipan) said he supports AFE’s proposal.

“Even though renewable energy is an important component of this, addressing our solid waste issues in itself justifies having this type of project,” Deleon Guerrero said.

Vice Speaker Frank Dela Cruz (IR-Saipan), vice chair of the House Public Utilities, Transportation and Communications Committee, said the proposed project “definitely will prolong the longevity of the landfill if not totally eliminate it.”

“With regards to lowering the cost of power, the numbers have yet to be discussed until the company finalizes its assessments. All things considered, I believe that this will be good for the CNMI,” he said.

Rep. Anthony Benavente (IR-Saipan), chairman of the House Committee on Natural Resources, said AFE’s proposed waste-to-energy project is a “viable” source of alternative energy for the CNMI to lessen its dependence on fossil fuel and lower its utility costs.

The CNMI government is trying to tap alternative or renewable energy such as amassing solar, wind and geothermal power as well as waste-to-energy, liquefied natural gas and safe nuclear energy

http://gasification.org/page_1.asp?a=87&b=85

Gasification Facts Gasification vs. Incineration

How is Gasification Different from Incineration?

Increasingly, gasification is being used to convert municipal solid waste, or MSW, into valuable forms of energy. While this type of waste has been burned, or incinerated, for decades to create heat and electricity, the gasification process represents significant advances over incineration. In order to understand the advantages of gasification when compared to incineration, it’s important to understand the significant differences between the two processes:

Incineration literally means to render to ash. Incineration uses MSW as a fuel, burning it with high volumes of air to form carbon dioxide and heat. In a waste-to-energy plant that uses incineration, these hot gases are used to make steam, which is then used to generate electricity.

Gasification converts MSW to a usable synthesis gas, or syngas. It is the production of this syngas which makes gasification so different from incineration. In the gasification process, the MSW is not a fuel, but a feedstock for a high temperature chemical conversion process. In the gasifier, the MSW reacts with little or no oxygen, breaking down the feedstock into simple molecules and converting them into syngas. Instead of making just heat and electricity, as is done in a waste-to-energy plant using incineration, the syngas produced by gasification can be turned into higher valuable commercial products such as transportation fuels, chemicals, and fertilizers.

In addition, one of the concerns with incineration of MSW is the formation and reformation of toxic dioxins and furans, especially from PVC-containing plastics and other materials that form dioxins and furans when they burn. These toxins end up in exhaust steams by three pathways:

•By decomposition, as smaller parts of larger molecules,

•By “re-forming” when smaller molecules combine together; and/or

•By simply passing through the incinerator without change.

Incineration does not allow control of these processes, and all clean-up occurs after combustion.

Gasification is significantly different and cleaner than incineration:

•In the high temperature environment in gasification, larger molecules such as plastics are completely broken down into the components of syngas, which can be cleaned and processed before any further use,

•Dioxins and furans need sufficient oxygen to form or re-form, and the oxygen-deficient atmosphere in a gasifier does not provide the environment needed for dioxins and furans to form or reform,

•Dioxins need fine metal particulates in the exhaust to reform; syngas from gasification is typically cleaned of particulates before being used,

•In gasification facilities that use the syngas to produce downstream products like fuels, chemicals and fertilizers, the syngas is quickly quenched, so that there is not sufficient residence time in the temperature range where dioxins or furans could re-form; and

•When the syngas is primarily used as a fuel for making heat, it can be cleaned as necessary before combustion; this cannot occur in incineration.

The ash produced from gasification is different from what is produced from an incinerator. While incinerator ash is considered safe for use as alternative daily cover on landfills, there are concerns with its use in commercial products.   In high-temperature gasification, the ash actually flows from the gasifier in a molten form, where it is quench-cooled, forming a glassy, non-leachable slag that can be used for making cement, roofing shingles, or used as an asphalt filler or for sandblasting. Some gasifiers are designed to recover melted metals in a separate stream, taking advantage of the ability of gasification technology to enhance recycling.

http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/2013/02/jv-brings-waste-to-energy-gasification-technology-to-poland.html

Energy Canada (WtEC) has formed a joint venture with Polish investment and property development company, Rank Progress to develop projects in Poland and Croatia.

The joint venture – Rank Recycling Energy (RRE) – will seek to work in partnership with municipalities to provide waste processing facilities through a Design, Build, Own and Operate business model.

The JV Agreement was signed in the Canadian Embassy in Warsaw by Jan Mroczka, president of Rank Progress and Rod Taylor, CEO of WtEC in the presence of Alexandra Bugailiskis, the Canadian ambassador designate to the Republic of Poland.

http://www.energyglobal.com/news/special-reports/articles/The_economic_benefis_of_gasification_005.aspx

One of the most compelling challenges of the 21^st Century is finding a way to meet national and global energy needs. Oil refineries can help meet this challenge while generating more economic value by adopting a gasification process.

The economic benefits Of gasification

Refineries usually convert their waste or residue into asphalt or bitumen, products from which they derive very little economic value. Gasification technology converts this waste into valuable commodities, such as power, steam, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, that are used in everyday refinery operations. A study by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) estimates these savings are worth US$ 13000 – $ 55000/day. Additionally, a refinery gasification plant is an attractive alternative energy source in regions with high natural gas prices.

In addition to the above operating expense savings, refineries can reduce their capital budgets when installing a gasification plant. Used plants are sold at a fraction of the cost of a new plant, often yielding savings of 40 – 50%. With new gasification plant investments running at US$ 500 – 800 million, the savings can fund a significant number of incremental capital projects. In addition to saving their investment capital, used plants save companies time and human capital. Generally speaking, facilities such as a gasification plant can be dismantled, relocated, re-assembled and operating in less than half the time of designing and building a new plant from scratch.

For example, International Process Plants (IPP) has a gasification plant available which converts refinery residue waste into clean synthetic gas. This plant consumes 1400 tpd of heavy residues to produce over 3000 tpd of clean syngas and can be modified to use petcoke or coal.

Refinery gasification opportunity

The IPP plant uses licensed technology from Texaco (GE Gasification), ABB, UOP, Parson and Praxair. The facility is over-designed to accommodate crude oils other than the standard Arab Heavy, such as Basrah Medium high-sulfur and Iranian Heavy feedstocks.

Units of operation

The Texaco gasification system is the core unit in this plant. It uses quench gasifier technology because:

• It is the best choice for gasifying feedstocks, such as refinery residues that have a high concentration of metal.
• It has a proven success record in the refinery industry.
• It is reliable and simple to operate.
• It offers superior environmental benefits.

Other units of operation include:

• Carbon extraction unit.
• Gas cooling and hydrolysis section designed by ABB Lummus Global.
• UOP acid gas removal system.
• Sulfur recovery unit comprised of two Parsons Claus units.
• Praxair™ air separation unit (ASU) produces oxygen that is 95% pure.
• Grey water treatment unit.
• Sour water stripper unit.

Written by International Process Plants.

For more information, please click here.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewu0foLspkQ&playnext=1&list=PLyv2sudQhZoOZEhImUgACBYhmmJxBapXl&feature=results_video

BA and Solena Partner on Biofuel Plant using plasma gasification to convert 500,000 tonnes of MSW to create 50,000 tonnes of bio jetfuel per annum

The industry’s commitment to green aviation was on show throughout Farnborough this year. In this video, British Airway’s Jonathon Counsell and Solena Group’s Dr. Robert Do discuss a collaboration to build the first plant in Europe which will produce aviation jet fuel from household rubbish. The UK facility will produce 16 million gallons of fuel from 500,000 tonnes of waste. Watch the video and learn about the science behind and future for this innovative collaboration.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUv0fU7BMiE&feature=player_embedded

The Environmental Report

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPRa31dS0vA

Gasification: The Waste-to-Energy Solution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RLySPEBPuE

The Gasplasma Plasma Conversion Process Published on Jul 3, 2012 An animation of the plasma gasification process that will convert waste at the Closing the Circle enhanced landfill mining project in Belgium, generating up to 100 MW.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6xyRx_98Rc&feature=endscreen

NRG Energy: Plasma Gasification

http://energy.cleartheair.org.hk/?p=1612

British Airways GreenSky project

http://www.greenaironline.com/news.php?viewStory=1627

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